Oil engine



Nov. 9 1926. 1,606,515

0. L. CUMMINS OIL ENGINE Filed August 29. 1921 INVEXTOR.

CLESSIE A. CuMM/nai BY- I Patented Nov. 9, 1926.

T FFIC'EE.

. Application filed August 29, 1921. Serial I'm 496,451.

.This invention relates to an oil engine of the type wherein crude oil is discharged into a cup and exploded thereinso as to discharge atomized particles of fuel into the. combustion chamber of the cylinder, the explosion being caused by the intense heat of the compressed air in the cylinder igniting the more volatile particles of oil therein.

The main object of this invention resides inthe principle of positioning the fuel cup in the side wall of the cylinder, whereby it will be surrounded by the water chamber and cooled by the water therein. Hereto fore oil engines of this type have had the fuel cup mounted directly over and partially extending into the cylinder and combustion chamber, whereby the compressed air therein causes said cup to be heated to a very high degree, and it has heretofore been considered necessary and essential that the cup should be so positioned that it will be heated to the maximum degree possible. In this invention such heating is avoided and the oil cup is positioned within the Wall of the cylinderand surrounded by the cooling fluid for the purpose of preventing its heating, and maintaining it in as cool a condition as possible under the circumstances.

Another feature of the invention lies in the positioning of the fuel cup without the cylinder instead of within the cylinder, as has heretofore been customary, whereby the fuel will be dischar ed over the entire sec tional area of the cylinder, rather than only a portion thereof when the cup is within the cylinder.

The full nature of the invention will be understood from the accompanying drawings and the following description and claims:

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a central vertical section taken through the upper portion of the cylinder. Fig. 2 is a section taken on theline 22of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. 4 is a section taken on the line 4-4 of In the drawings there is shown a cylinder having a wall 10 surrounded by the usual water jacket 11 and outer walll2. Positioned within the cylinder there is a piston 13 of the usual construction. Mounted upon the cylinder and secured thereto there is a cylinderhead 14 having a water jacket 15 communicating with the water jackets of the cylinder through the passages 16. Mounted on the cylinder head there is a bracket 17 for pivotally supporting a lever arm 18 actuated by a push rod 19 which may be operated from a cam shaft of the usual construction, not shown. The'lever arm 18 is arranged to engage a valve stem 20 for opening and closing an air intake valve 21 against the tension of a valve spring 22,.

Extending into the side of the cylinder head and immediately above the cylinder Walls there is a fuel plug 23 secured therein and having a tapered fuel cup 24 secured to the lower end thereof by a screw 25. The cup 24 is provided with a plurality of small holes oil may be discharged into the combustion or orifices 26 through which the fuel,

chamber through a passage 27. Fuel is dis- 7 charged into saidcup through a fuel inlet line 28 along the side recesses 29 of a needle valve stem 30 and is controlled in quantity by the adjustment of a needle valve 31 relative to a fuel passage-32. Said needle valve is controlled by a throttle 33 which is secured to a screw 34 so as to cause the turning thereof and consequent movement of the needle valve which it engages at the top. A spring 35 causes said valve to be elevated and permits oil to enter the cup when released by the movement of said screw. In this manner the quantity of fuel delivered to the engine is controlled.

For timing the discharge of the fuel into the cup there is provided a conical valve 36 adapted to seat in the plug so as to open and close the passage 32. There is provided auxiliary air passage 37 through which a small quantity of air is admitted through a passage 38 so as to mingle with the fuel when discharged into the cup. The

valve 36 is maintained in closed position by a spring 39 and operated and opened at intervals by a'pin 40 engaged by an adjustable screw 41 which is secured to a bell crank 42 pivotally mounted on said plug. The bell crank 42 is operated by a link 43 which is pivoted at one end thereto and at the other end to a projection on the lever arm 18.

The operation of the engine is such that upon the up stroke of the piston, the air drawn into the combustion chamber through the valve 21 is highly compressed and heated to a very hi h degree and forced into the cup 24 throug the passage 27. The fuel has reviously been discharged into said cup by tie operation of the valve 36, the amount of fuel being controlled by the needle valve 30. The mixture of the fuel discharged therein with a small amount of air through the auxiliary air inlet causes the more volatile ortionthereof to gasify. Vith this condition of the fuel in the cup, when the highly compressed and heated air is forced therein by the up stroke of the piston, the more volatile portion of the fuel mixed with the air in a gaseous state is ignited, causing a small internal explosion within the cup which highly heats the heavier oil contained therein and forces it under high pressure through the small openings 26 and passage 27 into the combustion chamber in the form of a spray of atomized particles of fuel. Upon this heavier charge of fuel being atomized and sprayed into the combustion chamber, the highly heated air therein will ignite the same and-cause it to burn'and expand, thereby exerting the pressure upon the piston for causing the power stroke thereof.

Where the fuel cup 24 is positioned within the cylinder and highly heated by the compressed air and exslosi'on therein, the cup becomes too hot an causes the fuel to coke in the cup, forming carbon or similar substance which soon clogs the spray holes.

26. Such carboning has always been a considerable difiiculty with such engines. Heretofore the internal explosion or burning within the oil cup has been depended upon to force the oil through the holes and keep them cleaned out, but this cannot be safely relied upon, as the holes are apt to fill with carbon so as to prevent the air from entering to heat and ignite the oil contained therein. This invention, therefore, overcomes that difficulty by maintaining the fuel cup in a comparatively cool state by partially surrounding it with cooling liquid and positioning it without and away from the combustion chamber.

The invention claimed is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder provided with a cylinder head, a piston operable in said cylinder, intake and exhaust ports for said cylinder, of a fuel injector mounted in the cylinder head directly above the cylinder wall, a fuel inlet valve mounted in said injector, means for controlling said ports and fuel inlet, a fuel cup secured to said fuel injector into which fuel is adapted to be dis charged outside the cylinder and at a distance from the combustion chamber thereof, a plurality of discharge holes in the Wall of said fuel on adjacent its base communicating with said combustion chamber through a restricted passageway whereby said fuel cup is protected from the heat generated in said chamber.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having a cylinder head and a water jacket, a piston operable in said cylinder, intake and exhaust ports therefor and a fuel injector mounted in the side wall of said cylinder head and substantially surrounded by said water jacket, a fuel inlet valve mounted in said injector, means for operating said orts and fuel inlet valve, a fuel cup detac ably secured to the bottom of said injector, positioned within the Wall of the cylinder head at a distance from the combustion chamber of the cylinder, a plurality of discharge holes in the wall of said cup adjacent its base communicating with said combustion chamber through a. restricted passageway formed in said cylinder Wall whereby said fuel cup is protected against the excessive heat generated in the cylinder.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my signature.

GLESSIE L. CUMMINS. 

